Why do you say “Information Space Has Become the Decisive Battleground of 21st-Century Conflict” only? all wars of the 20th Century were also based on false information specifically designed to mislead populations. And this practice applies not only to the United States of America but to all countries in the world that wish to ‘play’ war.

Many centuries ago, when it was accepted that European monarchies send their ‘slaves’ to conquer lands for them (Spain, England, France, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Holland did it) there was no need to invent lies.

Since the end of the 19th Century it is different; wars, revolutions, civil wars, invasions, genocides, etc, are an immoral racket, but presented as such the public would not accept them, so lies, all king of invented stories, became the order of the day